ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the association of serum CTX-I levels with hormone replacement and interleukin inhibi tortherapi es
Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Hayatabad Medical Complex [HMC], Peshawar from June 2012 to August 2012
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 peri-men opausal women were included in the study to determine the association of serum of CTX-I levels with hormone replacement therapy [HRT] and interleukin inhibitors
These females were randomly selected and screened for osteoporosis. The age of study population was between 45-55 years. Informed consent was taken. Detailed history was obtained regarding occupation, income, family history, number of pregnancies and medications. Women with complaints of joint pains, history of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and any other bone disease were excluded from the study. They were radiologically assessed for osteoporosis by using Singh index as I to VI. Ethical approval for the study was taken from the Institutional Ethical Research Committee [IERC] of HMC. Blood samples were taken for estimation of hemoglobin, ESR, calcium, alkaline phosphatase and CTX-I
Results: The levels of CTX-I were elevated in peri-menopausal women who were radiographically diagnosed as osteoporotic patients. However CTX-I levels were either normal or insignificantly raised in women taking either HRT or interleukin inhibitors. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using Chi-square test on computer software SPSS-17. Results were expressed in form of tables
Association and their significance were sorted out on the software. There was a significant association of CTX-I levels with both HRT and interleukin inhibitors [p = 0.000]
Conclusion: This study revealed a significant association of serum CTX-I levels with both hormone replacement and interleukin inhibitor therapies
ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the maternal and perinatal outcomes of prolonged pregnancy between active and conservative group
Study Design: Quasi experimental study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics / Gynaecology Unit-1, Mother and Child Health Centre, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad from March 2003 to Feb. 2004
Materials and Methods: There were one hundred cases, fifty in each group with a technique of convenient sampling. Women with uncomplicated pregnancies at >/=41 weeks and
Results: Comparison of both groups management showed that mean duration of labour in active group was prolonged than that of conservative group [p =0.001]. Interventional deliveries rate was high in active group than conservative group with p value significant statistically. Comparison of intra-partum fetal distress, neonatal morbidity including 1 minute, 5 minute Apgar score and admissions to NICU in both groups was not statistically significant. There was no perinatal mortality in both groups
Conclusion: Active management of prolonged pregnancy increases the maternal morbidity without improving perinatal outcome
ABSTRACT
Objective: Anemia is a chronic complication of rheumatoid arthritis that is produced by a number of causes. Very little interest in research is shown in this field by researchers both nationally and internationally. The main objective of the study was to determine the frequency of anemia in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Study Design: Descriptive, cross sectional study
Place and Duration of study: This study was conducted at the Hayatabad Medical Complex [HMC], Rehman Medical Institute [RMI] and Khushal Medical Center, Peshawar, from April 2015 to March 2016
Materials and Methods: Two hundred and thirty patients with rheumatoid arthritis visiting medical outdoor clinics in different hospitals of Peshawar were enrolled from April 2015 to March 2016. Detailed history was taken and clinical examination was performed. After taking consent, diagnosis of anemia was made by performing peripheral smear tests using digital sysmex XT-4000i hematology analyzer. The identity of patients was kept confidential. The demographic informations such as name, age and gender were recorded
Results: Among 230 patients, with mean age of 50 years, male-female ratio was 30%[n=70] and70%[n=160] respectively. Anemia was diagnosed in 26%[n=60] patients, while 74%[n=170] patients had no anemia among the study group. Out of 60 patients with anemia, 30%[ n=18] patients were male and 70%[n=42] patients were female. Anemia association with the duration of rheumatoid arthritis was analyzed, which shows that anemia increases as duration of rheumatoid arthritis increases
Conclusion: It is concluded from the study that rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disorder affecting multiple organs of the body and anemia is a well-known significant complication of rheumatoid arthritis as shown by the results of this study
ABSTRACT
To compare and determine the safety and efficacy of transurethral electrovaporization of prostate [TUVP] over transurethral resection of prostate [TUR.P] for management of benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH]. This comparative randomized clinical study was carried out in Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences [PIMS] Islamabad, Pakistan from May 1997 to April 1998. One hundred patients with signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia were selected from Urology out patient department of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences [PIMS] Islamabad, Pakistan. They were divided into two groups of fifty each; one group underwent TURP and other TUVP. Post operative follow ups to assess the results of both the procedures were carried out at 2, 12 and 24 weeks. For approximately the same size of prostate, the mean operation time [39.7 mins] was longer for TURP as compared to TUVP [25.22 mins]. The hemorrhage was more with TURP. Clot retention incidences were five in TURP as compared to none in TUVP. The mean volume of irrigation fluid used during operation [7.5 liters] was far less in TUVP as compared with what was required in TURP [12.0 liters]. The changes in sodium and hematocrit were monitored by taking pre and post operative blood samples. The variations in the levels before and after TUVP were negligible, while TURP group patients were noted to have post operative hyponatremia. The maximum post operative stay was 3 days in TUVP [mean 2 days] compared to 7 days in TURP [mean 6 days]. As far as post operative complications were concerned, infection and perforation incidences were more in TURF compared to TUVP. Although TURP is much effective gold standard for treating BPH, it is a bit costly with higher morbidity and complication rate as compared to TUVP which is a minimal invasive technique suitable for smaller sized prostate in high surgical risk patients